First, be sure you understand the Rules of the Road to avoid collisions with other boats.

Ensure that your boat has all federally required safety equipment on board.

Use a safety checklist to check boat gear and equipment and to orient guests and crew before heading out.

If you’re not sure you have all the knowledge and skills you need for safe boating, check this list of safety topics included in boating safety courses to see you have any gaps to fill.

Do you know when most sailing accidents and fatalities actually occur? It’s probably not when you think – the worst accidents often occur when it’s calm and you you’re not worried about a problem. Learn how to adopt a safety attitude that may save your life.

Use a float plan to alert rescuers in an emergency.

Be sure you and your crew wear a PFD at appropriate times, since falling off the boat is the leading cause of boating fatalities. Your PFD is one of the two most essential pieces of safety equipment.

Using a safety harness tether in rough weather and when sailing solo helps ensure you stay on the boat no matter what. Using jacklines gives you an effective way to stay clipped on to the boat with your tether.

And in case someone does fall overboard, you need to know (and should practice in advance) an effective method for quickly turning the boat around and stopping it beside the person.

When boating in cold water, or even when only the air is cold, it’s particularly critical to take special precautions because you may have only minutes to react – and because hypothermia rapidly affects both judgment and physical capabilities.

Having guests aboard your boat can present special risks, especially if they are unfamiliar with the boat and sailing and would not know what to do if an emergency occurs. Follow these essential tips to teach guests and crew what to do in emergency situations and how to stay safe while enjoying their time on the water.

Good sailors seek safe harbor when severe weather threatens. Be sure to use available resources to know what the weather is like out there before you head out as well as what’s coming once you are underway. Also learn how to use the traveler and other sail adjustments for strong winds in order to stay safe.

Safety can also involve good navigation skills to avoid dangerous areas. Using a chartplotter is an easy way to know precisely where you are and where you’re headed at all times so that you can avoid these dangers.

There are many things to consider before leaving the shore to ensure that you are sailing as safely as possible. As your experience grows you will be able to sail confidently in almost any conditions, until then it is important to be aware of your limitations.

Example of short checklist before sailing:

• Always check the weather forecast before sailing
• Be aware of offshore winds
• Sail at a recognised club or launching location
• Check all equipment for reliability
• Tell someone where you are going and when you’ll be back
• Check local regulations and restricted areas
• Always wear a type two PFD
• Protect yourself from the elements with correct clothing and sunscreen
• Drink plenty of water to avoid dehydration
• Understand right of way rules and responsibilities between vessels
• Know how to lower or de-power sails in an emergency
• Always stay with the boat even after a capsize
• Understand internationally recognised distress signals
• Avoid the onset of hypothermia and know how to treat it
• Practice the heave to position and person overboard drill
• Carry appropriate safety equipment